Hire employees in the United Kingdom

Employers looking to hire abroad tend to compare the pros and cons of potential candidates in terms of employment costs and other benefits. In the case of the UK, legal conditions are rather beneficial for employers and social security contributions are quite low compared to other European countries.

What’s more, the UK offers foreign employers a huge pool of young, talented workers who stream into the country from all over the world in order to complete their studies at one of the UK’s many top universities and who join the UK’s workforce after completing their degrees.

It is mandatory to provide new employees with a written statement outlining the basic terms of employment which must include:

• Compensation (in GBP)

• Working hours

• Annual leave

• Sick pay

• Severance pay

• Notice period

However, it is common practice for employees and employers to negotiate a proper employment contract. Although most employment agreements are concluded for an indefinite period, fixed-term agreements are also possible.

Probation Period

UK labour law does not regulate the length of probation periods. In practice, employers and employees usually agree on a probation period between three and six months.

Working Hours and Breaks

Employers may request their employees to work a standard 48-hour week. Daily working time is flexible and varies depending on business needs but a nine to five working day is standard for most employees in the UK. After six hours of continuous work, employees must take a 20-minute break.

Overtime

Every hour worked beyond agreed weekly working hours counts as overtime. Employers do not have to pay their employees for overtime unless it is stated in the employment contract. However, they have to make sure that the employee’s average hourly pay is not lower than the national minimum wage.

It is common to pay employees on a monthly basis. In most cases, salaries are paid between the 25th and the 30th of each month.

Minimum Wage

Minimum wage rates in the UK depend on the employee’s age. Starting April 2023, the minimum wage rates will be as follows:

• Employees aged 16 or 17 and those under apprentice contracts: GBP 5.28 per hour

• Employees aged 18 to 20: GBP 7.49 per hour

• Employees aged 21 to 22: GBP 10.18 per hour

• Employees aged 23 or older: GBP 10.42 per hour

Sick Pay

The Statutory Sick Pay Scheme (SSP) rules that employers have to provide their employees with a minimum weekly sick pay of GBP 109.40 (starting April 2023) for up to 28 weeks, starting with the fifth day that the employee is absent from work due to illness or injury. After seven days of absence, employees have to present a medical certificate.

Bonuses

There is no legal regulation on bonus payments in the UK. Therefore, it is up to the employer to decide whether or not to reward employees with a bonus based on personal performance or other factors.

Employees and employers in the UK are subject to the following tax and social security contribution rates (valid for the 2023/2024 tax year starting on April 6, 2023):

Taxes

Employers

25%

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• 25% corporate tax

• 20% VAT (standard rate)

Employees

up to 45%

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Individual income tax rates (excluding Scotland):

• 0%: up to GBP 12,750

• 20%: up to GBP 50,270

• 40%: up to GBP 125,140

• 45%: over GBP 125,140

Social security

Employers

16.8%

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• 13.8% NIC (National Insurance Contributions) of weekly employee wages exceeding GBP 175 *

• 3% pension contribution

Employees

up to 19%%

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• 12% NIC  on weekly earnings between GBP 242 and GBP 967 *

• additional 2% on weekly earnings exceeding GBP 967

• 5% pension scheme

* Please note that the NIC thresholds may change again before the beginning of the 2023/2024 tax year.

Please note that the social security contributions indicated above do not necessarily reflect the actual employment costs. These may differ depending on the employment contract and due to other factors (e.g. 13th and 14th salary, health insurance allowances, accrual for severance pay, etc.).

Annual Leave

Employees in the UK are entitled to 28 paid days off per year. Public holidays may be counted as part of the employee’s annual leave entitlement. Most employers thus offer their employees up to 25 paid vacation days on top of the public holidays. For senior level positions, paid leave of up to 30 days – excluding public holidays – can be negotiated.

While England and Wales observe eight public holidays throughout the year, Scotland counts one and Northern Ireland even two additional bank holidays.

Maternity Leave and Paternity Leave

Pregnant employees can take up to 52 weeks of maternity leave. During the first 39 weeks, they are entitled to Statutory Maternity Pay which amounts to:

• 90% of their weekly wages during the first six weeks

• 90% of their weekly wages for the remaining 33 weeks

Fathers can request up to two weeks of paid paternity leave. If the mother wants to return to work before her maternity leave is over, she can transfer the remaining leave days to the child’s father.

Starting April 6, 2023, the rate for statutory maternity (SMP), paternity (SPP), adoption (SAP), parental bereavement (SPBP) and shared parental pay (ShPP) will increase to GBP 172.48 per week.

Parental Leave

Mothers and fathers can request up to 50 weeks of shared parental leave. In this case, the mother returns to work before her additional maternity leave is over and thus transfers the remainder of her leave entitlement to the child's father. Parental leave must be taken within the first year after the child’s birth.

Since statutory pay is available for a maximum of 39 weeks and 2 weeks of maternity leave are mandatory, the maximum amount of shared parental pay is 37 weeks. Parents of newborn children can further take up to 18 weeks of unpaid parental leave once the initial leave period is over.

Additional Leave and Benefits

It is common practice among employers in the UK to provide employees with additional benefits such as dental or life insurance.

The employment may be terminated due to one of the following reasons (non-exhaustive list):

• redundancy

• summary dismissal due to gross misconduct

• employee’s underperformance

• employee’s long-term illness

The statutory notice periods are defined as follows:

• one week for employees who have been working for the company for a short time ranging between one month and two years

• one week for each year of service for employees with a length of service between two and twelve years

• twelve weeks for all employees who are dismissed after more than twelve years with the company

If notice periods are specified in the employment contract, they only need to be respected in case they are longer than the statutory minimum requirements.

Only employees who have completed at least two years of service and who are dismissed due to redundancy qualify for severance pay which is calculated as follows:

• employees under 22: 50% of weekly earnings multiplied by completed years of service

• employees aged 22 to 41: 100% of weekly earnings multiplied by completed years of service

• employees over 41: 150% of weekly earnings multiplied by completed years of service

However, rates are capped after 20 years of service and at a maximum weekly pay of GBP 544.